Wallabies are small to mid-sized hopping marsupial macropods closely related to their much larger cousins the kangaroos. Like kangaroos, wallabies have an upright posture supported by two disproportionately large hind legs and feet, small forelimbs, and a large, thick tail. They use hopping as their primary mode of locomotion. At slower speeds they use all four limbs and also their tails to move from place to place. This type of locomotion is called pentalpedaling (crawl-walking).

There are 30 different types of wallaby, and are broadly classified by the habitat in which they live; such the rock wallaby, bush wallaby and shrub wallaby. Some are also named based on their size and appearance—for example, the hare wallaby.

• Differences: Wallabies vs Kangaroo

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Wallaby Description What Do Wallabies Look Like?

The wallaby varies in size from 1.8 meters to 30 centimetres from head to tail and weighs between 1 to 20 kilograms. It has an upright posture with small forelimbs, disproportionately large hind legs, and a long thick tail. Wallabies have excellent vision comparable to that of rabbits, cattle, or horses. They have large pointed ears and short forelimbs with five-clawed fingers used for grasping and pulling down branches, fighting, and grooming. A wallaby uses its powerful hind legs for hopping, its primary means of locomotion. Wallabies communicate with minimal vocal sounds. They use their feet as an alarm by 'foot thumping' one or both of its feet. It is not certain if this behaviour is to alert other wallabies of danger or as a warning to a predator to stay away, or both. They use their tail as a tripod when standing on their hind legs, for balance while hopping, and as a store for excess fat. The female wallaby has an abdominal pouch in which she raises her young. Male wallabies don't have pouches. And contrary to some claims, they do not have a two-pronged penis.

A wallaby's social behaviour varies by species, with some being solitary while others live in small groups called mobs. Wallabies also have an excellent sense of the weather and have been known to detect rainfall as far as 20 kilometres away and head toward it. Depending on the type of wallaby, it may have a lifespan of between 2 and 11 years.

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Wallaby Habitat Where Do Wallabies Live?

Wallabies live in diverse habitats, ranging from forests to open grasslands throughout Australia and New Guinea. Depending on the species, they prefer heavily wooded and rugged areas. For example, rock wallabies live in boulder-strewn areas with subterranean holes and passageways, cliffs with ledges and caves, and isolated rock stacks. Agile wallabies found in northern Australia and New Guinea prefer dry open woodland, heaths, dunes, and grassland. Very few wallabies live in the arid interior of Australia.

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Wallaby Diet What Do a Wallabies Eat?

Wallabies are herbivores that mainly eat leaves, but they also consume flowers, ferns, moss, and even insects. They tend to feed at night, as well as in the early morning and late evening when it's cooler. During the day, they rest in the shade.

The Wallaby has a chambered stomach similar to that of a horse, with a U-shaped fore-stomach that helps it digest fibrous plant material. It regurgitates its food to chew it again and then swallows it, a process known as chewing the cud. This extra step aids in breaking down the rough fibres of their diet and improves digestion.

The Wallaby is well adapted to the dry, hot Australian climate. It requires very little water, as it extracts moisture from its food. In fact, a wallaby only needs about 13% of the water that a sheep requires and can survive for months without drinking water.

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Wallabies do Environmentally Friendly Farts

A wallaby produces almost no methane (Ch4) gas which is produced in large quantities by cattle and sheep. The wallaby's digestive system converts the hydrogen by-products of digestion to acetate, which is then absorbed and used to provide energy. The wallaby releases carbon dioxide (CO2) instead, which is 23 times less harmful to the environment than methane.

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Wallaby Reproduction & Life Cycle Baby Wallaby

A baby wallaby is no larger than a jelly-bean (2cm) and weighs as little as one gram when it is born. The reason for this is because wallabies belong to a group of animals known as marsupials. Marsupial babies have two stages of development. One inside the mother like placental mammals such as humans and the other outside the mother’s body in a special external pouch called a marsupium.

Stage 1 – A wallaby joey is born approximately 30 days after gestation. No larger than a jelly-bean (2 cm), it emerges from its mother’s birth canal blind, hairless, with stumpy forelimb and hardly any trace of its hind legs. Using its little forelimbs in a swimming (breaststroke) motion, the young joey crawls laboriously up its mother's fur to the pouch. This journey takes it about three minutes. The joey's journey is made entirely by itself. The mother does not assist it in any way.

Stage 2 – Once inside its mother's pouch, the joey quickly attaches itself firmly to one of four nipples in the pouch. Once it has attached itself to its mother's nipple, the young joey will stay hidden for up to six and a half months. Then it will start to tentatively pop its head out of its mother's pouch and observe the world around it. About two weeks later, it will have gained enough confidence to venture out of the pouch and hop about close to its mother. However, if frightened, it will immediately jump back into the safety of the pouch. By the time it is about 8 months old, the joey no longer uses its mother's pouch.

Macropod Reproduction?

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How a Wallaby Moves Wallabies Hop and Jump

The wallaby uses hopping as its primary mode of locomotion. It has powerful hind legs with long, narrow, padded feet, each with four toes specially designed for hopping. The wallaby has extraordinarily large and long Achilles tendons that store elastic energy to assist it in hopping. A large wallaby can easily cruise along at 25km/h and reach a maximum speed of 48 km/h. Because of the unusual shape of its legs and its bulky tail, a wallaby can't walk. It can only hop or pentapedal when moving slowly.

When a wallaby hops, its legs work like powerful compression springs. As it hops, its legs compress, bringing its toes towards its body, much like a compressed spring, before bouncing up like a released spring. The wallaby's bounce comes from its Achilles tendons and ligaments in the back of its legs, which store and return energy with each hop. These act like giant stretching and shrinking rubber bands. The concept is similar to how a Pogo Stick works.

Wallabies increase their speed by increasing the length of their hops, rather than increasing the frequency of hops. When they want to go slowly, they take small hops. When they want to go fast, they take giant hops. (Most other animals increase the speed of each step, with only a minimal increase in their stride.) The wallaby's bi-pedal locomotion also allows it to easily pivot on one foot and rapidly change direction, making a 180-degree turn in a single hop. This is faster than four-legged animals with longer bodies. At low speeds, however, a wallaby is far less agile. Its super-efficient hopping legs let it down and it uses pentapedaling locomotion at slow speeds. (See next section to learn how a wallaby moves at slow speeds).

While a wallaby can move its legs independently, it cannot do so to propel its body forward or backward. When hopping wallabies usually move both hind legs together. The independent movement of its legs occurs when the animal is turning while it is hopping when it places one leg slightly in front of the other to execute a turn. It also moves its legs independently when it uses its feet in 'foot thumping' to warn other wallabies of danger and when swimming.

The red wallaby is the fastest of all wallabies, reaching speeds of up to 60 kph with each stride covering as much as 8 meters. Its hopping method is super-efficient, allowing it to maintain high speeds for long periods without tiring. At speeds above 18 kph, the wallaby uses less energy than any other animal of equal weight. If chased by a foxhound, the wallaby would outlast the hound by a large margin. The red wallaby also holds the high jump record, being able to jump as high as three meters.

Wallabies move extremely quietly compared to other animals. You would hardly notice a mob of wallabies whooshing silently past you at top speed. An equivalent number of deer, which are similar in body sizes, would create quite a loud racket. The reason for this is the wallaby's soft padded feet, relatively small footprint, and the fact that only two feet touch the ground.

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Wallaby's Extra Leg? Pentapedaling - Slow Speed Locomotion

While highly efficient at higher speeds, a wallaby's hind legs are cumbersome and almost useless at lower speeds. The wallaby has adapted to this shortcoming by developing a fifth leg! Where is it, you wonder? It's the wallaby's tail.

A wallaby moves at low speeds by leaning forward onto its short front limbs, hoisting itself up with its tail, and then shifting its hind legs forward. This method of movement is called 'pentapedal' (four limbs + tail) locomotion. Recent research has shown that the wallaby's tail, with its 20 vertebrae, acts like a fifth limb, fulfilling the role of a normal leg. In this role, it can generate more forward force than all of the wallaby's other limbs combined.

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Wallabies Fighting Wallabies Boxing?

Wallabies fight less than most other types of herbivores. A male wallaby fights by standing on its hind legs and hitting with its front paws (which have sharp claws). Or by kicking its opponent with its powerful hind legs while balancing itself on its tail. These fights usually occur over mating rights and are more ritualistic than aggressive. Very rarely do wallabies hurt each other during fights. Contrary to popular folklore, a wallaby doesn't box like humans do.

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Wallabies Can Swim They are Good Swimmers

Wallabies usually live in relatively dry areas with few large bodies of water. Oddly, however, they are very confident in water and are good swimmers. There are reports of numerous sightings of wallabies swimming far out at sea.

The wallaby swims by 'dog-paddling' with all four limbs. While it moves its rear legs in unison when it hops, while swimming its moves them independently.

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Are Wallabies Nocturnal? When are Wallabies Active?

Wallabies are classified as being nocturnal animals. That is, they are active mainly at night. However, this is not entirely correct. Wallabies are primarily crepuscular. That is, that they are most active around dawn and dusk, and this activity can continue into the night. Wallabies usually rest during the day, but it is not uncommon the see a mob of wallabies moving through the countryside during the daytime.

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Wallaby Predators & Threats What Kills Wallabies?

The only native predator of adult wallabies is the Tasmanian Devil. Baby wallabies, however, fall victim to goannas — native monitor lizards, snakes and wedge-tailed eagles. Several introduced animals such as dingoes, European red foxes, feral cats and dogs also attack wallabies.

Since the arrival of European settlers in 1778, humans have had a more considerable effect on on wallaby populations due to farming, grazing, land clearing and forest felling. While some wallaby species have been impacted and may even become extinct, the overall wallaby population does not seem to have been seriously affected by these activities.

One of the most significant impacts of humans are road kills.

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Wallaby - Conservation Status Are Wallabies Endangered?

Some, such as certain species of the rock wallaby, are considered to be endangered. Most other wallaby species are quite prolific and are not threatened.